2023 USAF & USSF Almanac: Spending

The Defense Department Budget rolls up the total spending by each military department—the Departments of the Air Force (which also includes the Space Force), the Navy (which also includes the Marine Corps), and the Army. Budget figures sometimes disagree, either because of rounding or because of different approaches to financial reporting. Variations appearing among the tables on the following pages are due to one or the other factor.

DOD Budget Authority

DOD Spending as a Percentage of GDP

Federal Spending as a Percentage of GDP

Federal Spending as Percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

DOD Budget By Service, Including Pass-Through

DOD Budget Shares: 2021 vs. 2022 vs. 2023

DOD Budget Shares By Military Department

DOD Budget by Spending Category

DAF Budget by Spending Category

DAF Spending VS. Pass-Through

Major USAF Programs

DOD BUDGET AUTHORITY

($ billions)

	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022*	2023*	2024**
						_Enacted*	_Requested**
Base Budget	$600	$616	$633	$703.7	$742.2	$816	$842
With Supplementals***	$671	$688	$723	$704.7	$776.6	$851.8	$842

***2022 includes supplemental funding for Operation Allies Welcome ($6.512 billion), Natural Disaster Relief ($895 million), Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility ($350 million), and Ukraine. ($26.632 billion). 2023 includes supplemental funding for Ukraine ($35.678 billion), and Disaster Relief ($147 million).
Source: Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2024

E-3G Sentry aircraft assigned to the 552nd Air Control Wing await clearance to depart during an exercise at Tinker Air Force Base, Okla. **Paul Shirk/USAF**

FEDERAL SPENDING as Percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Year	Defense	Entitlements	Other
1962	9	5.7	3.3
1963	8.7	5.5	3.5
1964	8.3	5.6	3.6
1965	7.2	5.3	3.8
1966	7.6	5.3	4
1967	8.6	5.7	4.1
1968	9.2	6.4	4
1969	8.4	6.3	3.5
1970	7.8	6.7	3.7
1971	7.1	7.4	3.9
1972	6.5	7.9	4
1973	5.7	8.2	3.9
1974	5.4	8.5	3.9
1975	5.5	10.3	4.4
1976	5	10.3	4.8
1977	4.8	9.7	4.9
1978	4.6	9.7	5
1979	4.6	9.3	4.8
1980	4.8	10.1	5.1
1981	5	10.5	4.8
1982	5.6	10.9	4.2
1983	5.9	11.3	4.1
1984	5.8	10	3.8
1985	5.9	10.2	3.8
1986	6	9.9	3.6
1987	5.9	9.7	3.4
1988	5.7	9.6	3.4
1989	5.5	9.5	3.3
1990	5.1	10.3	3.4
1991	5.2	10.4	3.5
1992	4.7	10.7	3.6
1993	4.3	10.5	3.7
1994	3.9	10.5	3.6
1995	3.6	10.4	3.6
1996	3.3	10.4	3.4
1997	3.2	10.2	3.3
1998	3	10.2	3.2
1999	2.9	9.9	3.1
2000	2.9	9.8	3.2
2001	2.9	10	3.3
2002	3.2	10.7	3.6
2003	3.6	11	3.7
2004	3.8	10.8	3.7
2005	3.8	10.8	3.7
2006	3.8	10.9	3.6
2007	3.8	10.7	3.5
2008	4.1	11.4	3.5
2009	4.5	15.1	4
2010	4.6	13.4	4.4
2011	4.5	13.7	4.2
2012	4.2	13.2	3.8
2013	3.8	12.7	3.5
2014	3.4	12.6	3.4
2015	3.2	13.3	3.3
2016	3.2	13.6	3.2
2017	3.1	13.6	3.2
2018	3.1	12.9	3.1
2019	3.2	13.4	3.1
2020	3.4	22.3	4.3
2021	3.3	21.9	3.9
2022	3	17.5	3.6
2023 estimate	3	15.6	3.6
2024 estimate	3.2	16	3.7

Sources: Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2023; White House Office of Management and Budget’s Historical Tables

Aerospace Propulsion System specialists with the 148th Fighter Wing, Minnesota Air National Guard, maneuver a 3000E trailer under the F110-129 turbofan aircraft engine on an F-16CM Fighting Falcon, Feb. 28, 2023. **Airman 1st Class Tylin Rust/ANG**

DOD Budget By SERVICE, INCLUDING PASS-THROUGH

($ in millions)

			_Enacted		_Requested
	2022	%	2023	%	2024	%
Department of the Air Force	$223,553	28.8	$249,175	29.3	$259,240	30.8
USAF**	164.7	21.2	179.7	21	185.1	22
USSF**	17.8	2.3	26.1	3.1	30	3.6
Pass-Through**	41.1	5.3	43.9	5.2	44.2	5.2
Army	183,512	23.6	190,805	22.4	185,337	22
Department of the Navy	223,231	28.7	244,508	28.7	255,753	30.4
Navy	173,268	22.3	192,845	22.6	202,553	24.1
Marine Corps	49,917	6.4	51,860	6.1	53,219	6.3
Defense Agencies	146,336	18.8	167,319	19.6	141,670	16.8
Total	776,632		851,807		842,000

*Enacted. Limited details available
**Limited details available
Sources: Defense Budget Overview, United States Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Request; Department of the Air Force and Department of the Navy FY 2023 budget
documents.

DOD Budget Shares By Military Department

($ millions)

							_Enacted	_Requested
	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAF*	$171,457	$190,359	$196,066	$206,691	$204,574	$223,553	$249,175	$259,240
%	28.1	28.3	28.3	29	29	28.8	29.3	30.8
Army	$159,018	$178,260	$181,166	$184,195	$174,040	$183,512	$190,805	185,337
%	26.1	26.5	26.1	26.2	24.7	23.6	22.4	22
Navy/Marine Corps	$174,058	$190,489	$197,778	$209,383	$206,936	$223,231	$244,508	255,753
%	28.57	28.31	28.54	29.8	29.4	28.7	28.7	30.4
Defense Agencies	$104,754	$113,853	$117,991	$122,955	$119,184	$146,336	$167,319	141,670
%	17.2	16.9	17	17.5	16.9	18.8	19.6	16.8
Total	$609,287	$672,960	$693,001	$723,224	$704,734	$776,632	$851,807	$842,000

*Includes Pass-Through
Sources: Defense Budget Overview, United States Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Request; Department of the Air Force and Department of the Navy FY 2023 budget documents.

DOD Budget by Spending Category

(Base budget not including war funding; current $ billions)

					_Enacted	_Requested
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Military Personnel	$144.70	$149.90	$162.80	$166.80	$172.20	$178.80
O&M	231.4	237.2	283.6	294.5	319.9	329.7
Procurement	133.8	129.1	140.7	145.1	163.7	170
RDT&E	94.1	103.6	105.9	118.5	139.4	145
Military Construction	8.8	9.9	7.1	13.4	16.6	14.7
Family Housing	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.5	2.3	1.9
Revolving Funds	1.9	2.3	2.1	2.3	1.7	1.7
Total	$687.80	$633.30	$703.70	$742.20	$816.00	$842.00

Source: Defense Budget Overview, United States Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Request; National Defense Budget Estimates for FY 2024

Master Sgt. Samuel Gainey, 768th Expeditionary Air Base Squadron, Civil Engineer Flight, connects modular sections of a tent during construction at Air Base 101, Niger, Feb. 6, 2023. **Master Sgt. Michael Matkin**

DAF Budget by Spending Category

(Base budget in $ billions; does not include war or emergency funding)

					_Enacted	_Requested
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Military Personnel	$37.40	$39.40	$42.80	$44.40	$46.10	$48.50
O&M	51.2	53.4	65.5	69.9	75.9	79.5
Procurement	43.2	43.3	47.8	49.5	58.2	61.7
RDT&E	40.6	45.3	46.2	52.8	61.3	65.8
Military Construction	2	2.4	1.3	3.5	4.6	3.2
Family Housing	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.6
Revolving and Management	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.1
Total	$174.80	$184.50	$204.50	$221.00	$246.80	$259.20

					_Enacted	_Requested
% Change	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Military Personnel	7.80%	5.30%	8.60%	3.70%	3.80%	5.20%
O&M	2.1	4.3	22.7	6.7	8.6	4.7
Procurement	3.5	0.2	10.4	3.6	17.6	6
RDT&E	40.1	11.6	2	14.3	16.1	7.3
Military Construction	-10.6	20	45.8	169.2	31.4	-30.4
Family Housing	17.9	0	0	0	50	0
Revolving and Management	16.4	100	100	25	-80	0
Total	1.80%	5.50%	10.80%	8.10%	11.70%	5.00%

Source: National Defense Budget Estimates for FY 2024.

DAF Spending vs. Pass-Through

(Total Obligation Authority; $ in billions)

				_Enacted*	_Enacted*	_Enacted*	_Enacted	_Requested
	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAF	$136.60	$151.50	$156.80	$168.10	$168.20	$180.80	$205.80	$215.10
Pass-Through	34.3	37.2	37.8	39	37.3	41.4	43.9	44.2
Total	170.9	188.7	194.6	207.1	205.5	222.3	249.7	259.3
Pass-Through %	20.10%	19.70%	19.40%	18.80%	18.20%	18.60%	17.60%	17.00%

*Actual spending figures distinguishing DAF spending from pass-through spending weren’t available by press time. Sources: Department of the Air Force budget requests.